To add some vertical interest to your garden, clematis is my favorite choice. Growing up a trellis, covering a fence, twisting up some tree trunks, or even as a ground cover, clematis offer vigorous growth with the addition of colorful flowers. There are actually 3 types of clematis based upon their growth characteristics:
type A - blooms on old wood in the spring
type B - can bloom on both old and new wood
type C - blooms on new wood later in the summer

Since our winters are so long, I do appreciate plants that can provide flowers in the spring. There are two type A species of clematis, C. alpina and C. macropetala that are suitable choices for Calgary gardens. In addition, these clematis are more shade tolerant than type B and C clematis. Since they bloom on old wood, they should not be pruned like most perennials. Instead, only remove any dead branches as required. A very low maintenance plant!

Here is a plant trials bulletin from The Royal Horticultural Society that provides details on the various cultivars of C. alpina and C. macropetala. 

RHS Plant Trials Bulletin - C. alpina and C. macropetala

As we approach the end of October, winter is on it's way. Some of you may have added tender bulbs to your garden such as gladiolus, dahlias, and canna lilies to name a few. As these plants will not survive a Calgary winter, they must be properly cleaned and stored to be planted again in the spring. This gives you the opportunity to multiply your garden stock by harvesting offsets and enjoy your favorite flowers year after year.

GardenGate Magazine has a comprehensive article on this topic:
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Many gardens have areas of shade. Don't consider these areas to be wasted parts of the yard to be filled with gravel. There are many lovely ideas to brighten up these darker areas of the landscape. Here is an inspiring article from Better Homes and Gardens complete with gorgeous pictures! Contact me to help you implement these exciting plans.

https://www.bhg.com/gardening/landscaping-projects/solving-shade/shade-garden-design-ideas/

Happy St. Patrick's Day! 

Last September we were in Ireland celebrating our wedding anniversary. Even though it was getting late in the season for flowers, dahlias were still in bloom and looking lovely. I've never planted dahlias before as they need to be lifted from the ground in the fall here and stored over winter to be replanted in the spring. It seemed like too much work for me but now I think it may be worth it. Fall gardens in Calgary can start to look lackluster, and who doesn't want colorful blooms all the way up to frost?

This morning I went shopping and bought a couple of dahlias - Thomas Edison and Lavender Perfection. I'm going to grow them in large pots as I've run out of room in the garden and it will make it easier to lift in the fall. I'll start them off in the house near a sunny window and will move the pots outside when there are no more frosts. If we have any surprise snow storms in August or nasty hail storms throughout the summer, I can always bring them inside and protect them until fair weather returns. 

Here's a photo I took of dahlias at the National Botanic Gardens in Dublin. 

Now that we've enjoyed a few warm days, one starts dreaming of spring and gardening of course. I always look forward to perusing plant catalogs to see if there are any new and exciting varieties available as well as heirloom favorites. This is eye candy for me! 

Follow this link to the 2017 Perennial Guide from Van Noort Bulb Company Ltd. for a comprehensive catalog of perennials, shrubs, vines, and summer flowering bulbs. Remember that Calgary is zone 3/4 as there are some plants listed in the catalog that are not winter hardy here. 

Ask me about designing and installing a garden customized for your landscape. Spring is just around the corner.

As my back yard has many trees, certain sections of lawn do not receive enough sunlight to thrive. Over time the lawn has become pale, grass blades have thinned, and the area has become overgrown with weeds. I didn't feel like turning the patch into a shade garden, but wanted to have some sort of "lawn". After some experimentation, I have succeeded in finding a ground cover that grows happily in this space - Dutch White Clover.

My first attempt for this area was to add dense shade tolerant grass seed. The product is marketed as able to grow in areas of dense shade with as little as 3 hours of sunlight per day. As you can see in my photo, there is some dappled sunlight in the area so I thought this would be a suitable choice. Results were disappointing so I moved onto Plan B.

My second attempt involved planting sheep's fescue grass seed. Sheep's fescue grass is a fantastic choice for lawns for several reasons:

• deeper root system that traditional kentucky bluegrass lawns therefore less watering required
• does not spread by underground roots so does not invade nearby flower beds
• grows to 6-8" high so does not require mowing if you don't mind a taller lawn
• slow growing so can be mowed monthly instead of weekly
• stays green all season long. Traditional lawns can turn brown later in the season with hot weather and lack of water.
•  dense growth outcompetes weeds
• apparently grows in sun or shade

I do recommend sheep's fescue lawns for clients but it did not work in my shady yard. Onto Plan C.

My third attempt was to add Dutch White Clover (Trifolium repens) seeds to the existing lawn. I sprinkled it all around the grass and watered daily for about two weeks. Look at the results! A deep green lawn with flowers that have overgrown the existing grass and is absolutely low maintenance. It can be mowed but I choose not to mow it. I leave the flowers for the pollinators to enjoy. I do provide water when required and that's really it.

Dutch White Clover is a legume which is a group of plants that have the ability to utilize atmospheric nitrogen and convert it into a usable form through a process called nitrogen fixation. Therefore, the addition of nitrogen fertilizer is not required as the plant produces it's own. It has a build in food factory. 

It's always interesting to experiment with your garden as some ideas don't always work out, and some are better than expected. I consider my white clover lawn a success and encourage others to consider this groundcover as a lawn alternative, especially in areas too shady to support the growth of other plants.

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Have you ever considered adding native plants to your garden?  They are excellent choices as they have naturally survived and thrived in our climate as well as providing a food source for native fauna.  

​Better Homes & Gardens have compiled 15 native plants for our region, and with the exception of Idaho Fescue (zone 5), they are great choices for Calgary gardens.

Pruning is used to prevent or correct problems with a plant.  Plants should be selected based upon many factors, one of which is mature size.  Why select a shrub that will grow to be 6' tall and continually prune it to keep it at 3' tall?  This is poor planning.

As most trees and shrubs develop next season's flower bud during the summer, pruning at this time will remove the flower buds.  One client of mine has a large lilac against their house which has not bloomed.  Their previous gardener had been pruning at the incorrect time and had removed all the flower buds!  

For spring blooming trees and shrubs, pruning should be done immediately after flowering. This allows next season's blooms to form.  Some examples include lilac, Nanking cherry, forsythia, and roses that bloom once per season.

Some trees are considered "bleeders" and will leak sap when pruned when not actively growing. They must be pruned during summer and early fall.  Some examples include Birch and Maple trees.

Conifers usually don't require pruning except to produce denser growth or shorter stature.  These are best pruned before the end of July.  Pruning after this time can produce a dwarfing effect and also remove next season's buds.

If your plant has dead or diseased areas, these should be removed at any time. You do not want to allow any infections to spread throughout the plant.  For diseased tissue, ensure removal of an additional six inches of healthy wood.  Clean your pruning tools between cuts with an anti-bacterial product such as Lysol, and do NOT apply any wound dressings.  

Did you ever imagine that you could grow an orchid - in Calgary - in the garden - and it will survive the winter?  I am here to tell you that YES you can.  

I first saw these beauties at the Reader Rock Garden.  The large yellow lady slipper orchid is actually native to all provinces in Canada.  This perennial terrestrial orchid is most commonly found in moist forests across the region. This plant prefers a semi-shaded site that is cool and not exposed to hot mid-day sun.  Conditions suitable for ferns are suitable for hardy orchids.  An organic mulch will assist the plant in maintaining moisture and keeping the roots cool.  

Here's a photo taken at Weaselhead Park in Calgary:

Another orchid, the showy lady's slipper or Queen's lady's slipper is my favorite.  This variety is found in nature in Saskatchewan and eastward in Canada.  Each stem can have 3 flowers and the plant approaches 1 m tall!   The purple-pink lip of the flowers are gorgeous against the crisp white petals.  What a beauty.

Here's my own personal Queen's lady's slipper orchid.  I plan on adding additional plants to my garden next year.

Here's an article I wrote for Newsletters & More - September 2013 issue!

Autumn Bloomers

As autumn approaches, is your garden losing its color?  Have your plants stopped blooming and all you have left is foliage?  Consider extending your gardens season by adding fall blooming perennials to your garden bed.  For all season color, plant equal amounts of spring, summer, and autumn blooming flowers.  There are a variety of choices for available for Calgary gardens – I will outline a few selections to consider.

Sedum X ‘Autumn Joy’
Requires:  full sun to part-shade
Size:  24” x 24”

This dense mound of succulent foliage will be covered with deep rose to burgundy broccoli-shaped flower heads open in fall attracting butterflies and bees.  This drought-tolerant perennial is a classic favorite that offers all season interest.  The flowers are also excellent for cutting.

Rudbeckia fulgida ‘Goldsturm’ (gloriosa daisy)
Requires:  full sun
Size:  24” x 24”

Golden yellow daisy-like flowers with dark brown centers, Rudbeckia is a vigorous and dependable plant.  This species is a North American native flower.  Makes an excellent cut flower and butterflies and bees love it.  Cut back in late fall to prepare the plant for winter.

Eupatorium maculatum (Joe-Pye weed)
Requires:  full sun to part-shade
Size:  5’ X 3’

A plant for the back of the border, Joe-Pye weed has fragrant rosy colored flower clusters atop burgundy colored stems.  Flower heads are about one-foot across and leaves are up to one foot long.  As this plant can be leggy, consider planting low growing perennials around the base.   Joe-Pye Weed requires moist soil and will attract butterflies.

Aconitum carmichaelii ‘Arendsii’ (autumn monkshood)
Requies:  full sun to part-shade
Size:  5’ X 2’

A plant for the back of the border, monkshood is a favorite old-fashioned perennial.  Tall spikes of deep violet flowers emerge in mid-autumn above dark green glossy foliage.  This perennial may require staking and should not be allowed to dry out.  

Nepeta X racemosa ‘Walker’s Low’ (catmint)
Requires:  full sun
Size:  18” X 18”

For those of you, who love lavender, try catmint.  A vigorous grower in the Calgary climate, catmint has wands of lavender blue flowers with fragrant gray-green leaves.  This drought-tolerant plant forms relaxed mounds that soften the landscape.  

As the season progresses, a new mound of leaves will grow in the center of the plant.  Cut back the old growth to enjoy fresh late season blooms.  

Echinacea purpurea (purple coneflower)
Requires:  full sun
Size:  2’ X 3’

Large daisy-like flowers atop sturdy stems, these flowers also attract butterflies and bees.  A prairie native, coneflower is drought-tolerant and provides seeds for the birds if left on the plant over the winter months.  Also make excellent cut flowers. 

Other cultivars are available to provide additional colors in white, cream, yellow, orange, purple, and burgundy

Chelone oblique (pink turtlehead)
Requires:  full sun to part-shade
Size:  24” X 18”

These upright plants have bright pink turtlehead-shaped flowers atop strong stems.  A North American native wild-flower, they require moist sites.  I know it’s time to water the garden when the leaves start to wilt.  They are excellent for cutting and will attract butterflies.